EAoU Paper (CEPA-xiv-2511.001)
📝 Title: Estimating the Effective Age of the Universe under Time Dilation: ~45 Gyr
👤 Authors: Jami Hossain
📚 Affiliation: CEPA
📄 Abstract:
Abstract
A new concept, relativistic time dilation adjusted Effective Age of the Universe
(EAoU), is introduced and is estimated at ~45 Gyr in comparison to the widely
accepted 13.79 Gyr based on the comoving observer framework. Conceptual
ambiguities in the treatment of time and distance on cosmic scales, particularly
in the application of General Theory of Relativity (GTR) to accelerated
expansion, matter density, gravitational effects, and relativistic time dilation
are discussed. We categorize the Age of Universe (AoU) into three types, i.e. ,
AoU—Type 1: cosmic time, Type 2: elapsed solar years, and Type 3: effective
time corrected for relativistic effects. The EAoU framework reconciles some
key observational paradoxes, particularly regarding the existence of high redshift
massive galaxies such as MoM-z14. An equation derived from the FLRW
equations (Equation 33) provides the EAoU as an observer-centric, relativistically
adjusted time scale. Thermodynamic perspective to EAoU is also discussed.
The revised view of the universe’s timeline offers a plausible resolution
to the rapid formation of massive early galaxies, without invoking exotic physics.
📑 CEPA-xiv ID:
CEPA-xiv-2511.001
📄 PDF:
🔎 Keywords:
Cosmology, Relativistic-Time-Dilation, FLRW-Metric, Observer-Centric
Time, Effective-Age-of-the-Universe, High-Redshift-Galaxies,
Cosmic-Expansion, Time-Elongation