EAoU Paper (CEPA-xiv-2511.001)

📝 Title: Estimating the Effective Age of the Universe under Time Dilation: ~45 Gyr

👤 Authors: Jami Hossain

📚 Affiliation: CEPA

📄 Abstract:

Abstract

A new concept, relativistic time dilation adjusted Effective Age of the Universe

(EAoU), is introduced and is estimated at ~45 Gyr in comparison to the widely

accepted 13.79 Gyr based on the comoving observer framework. Conceptual

ambiguities in the treatment of time and distance on cosmic scales, particularly

in the application of General Theory of Relativity (GTR) to accelerated

expansion, matter density, gravitational effects, and relativistic time dilation

are discussed. We categorize the Age of Universe (AoU) into three types, i.e. ,

AoU—Type 1: cosmic time, Type 2: elapsed solar years, and Type 3: effective

time corrected for relativistic effects. The EAoU framework reconciles some

key observational paradoxes, particularly regarding the existence of high redshift

massive galaxies such as MoM-z14. An equation derived from the FLRW

equations (Equation 33) provides the EAoU as an observer-centric, relativistically

adjusted time scale. Thermodynamic perspective to EAoU is also discussed.

The revised view of the universe’s timeline offers a plausible resolution

to the rapid formation of massive early galaxies, without invoking exotic physics.

📑 CEPA-xiv ID:

CEPA-xiv-2511.001

📄 PDF:

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🔎 Keywords:

Cosmology, Relativistic-Time-Dilation, FLRW-Metric, Observer-Centric

Time, Effective-Age-of-the-Universe, High-Redshift-Galaxies,

Cosmic-Expansion, Time-Elongation

Observer-5D (CEPA-xiv-2511.002)

📝 Title: An Investigation into True Reality: Observer, 5D Space, and Cognizance

👤 Authors: Jami Hossain

📚 Affiliation: CEPA

📄 Abstract:

Our perceived reality could be a manifestation of a combination of 4D + n (n > 0) flat space-time, universal wave function, and cognizance. The work is based on a review and analysis of the main concepts in quantum theory, relativistic physics, and cosmology. Key ideas and conclusions are filtered and logically connected to arrive at what might be a view of the true reality. A significant part of the paper is dedicated to the concept of the “observer” and the “ability of cognizance” that should accompany the “observer”. Though the “observer” is central to modern physics, it is not known what constitutes observation, and the term observer, often open to interpretations, does not have a standard definition and hence, is lacking in clarity. In our analysis, we have argued that the environment, in which the observer-observed system is embedded, emerges as an all-knowing, cognizant, and ideal observer that has the knowledge of the observer-observed system. At a philosophical level, we link to the fundamentals of physics, “consciousness” or “ability of cognizance” as an unavoidable and key element in not only carrying out the observation but perhaps, as believed by many, having a role in shaping the reality perceived. In the review and analysis of another stream of physics, that of General Theory of Relativity (GTR) and cosmology, we examine the question of reality from a cosmological and dimensionality perspective.

📑 CEPA-xiv ID:

CEPA-xiv-2511.002

📄 PDF:

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🔎 Keywords:

Wave Function, Decoherence, Spacetime, Entanglement, Quantum, Reality, Observer